The most comprehensive solution to the problems with the UK proposal is to enact the carbon price floor at a European level, not a national level. This would provide more investor certainty across the continent, allow the quantity of permits to adjust, and prevent unintended consequences. It would accord with the strong finding in the literature that such hybrid regimes are more efficient than a pure cap and trade.

If, however, the UK does implement a unilateral floor price, then setting the level low, to minimise unintended consequences, and introducing a carbon price support guarantee, to secure the benefits of greater certainty, offer the best combination of outcomes.